2026-11-11
Recently, a class group at Suzhou City University issued a notice requiring students to sign up by noon on November 6 to confirm whether they will participate in the district-level People's Congress election on December 8, with the class monitor responsible for consolidation. Students registered in the school's constituency who cannot attend on the day of the vote may authorize a teacher or classmate at the school to vote on their behalf.
2026-11-11
On November 11, 2026, a netizen from Hebei International Studies University shared their experience of the school's "whole-process democracy" online, sparking attention.
2026-11-09
According to a netizen submission, during the recent county-level People's Congress election in Anyang, Henan, government departments used household registration information to verify voter identities, allowing them to access personal information in the system backend and cast votes on behalf of voters without needing their ID numbers.
2026-11-09
A netizen recalls participating in a vote organized by the neighborhood committee the year they graduated from high school. The ballot papers already had the candidates' names printed on them, and committee staff were teaching illiterate elderly people to circle the designated names. The netizen did not mark their ballot, and later saw students at a vocational school holding lists and circling names.
2026-11-09
A student currently enrolled in school revealed privately that the school is holding elections for People's Congress representatives again this year, and the candidates were already decided long ago.
2026-11-07
Recently, several Beijing netizens posted their voter registration cards for district and county people's congress representative elections on Douyin, sparking netizen commentary. Some pointed out that between 2011 and 2021, nearly 100 independent candidates in Beijing were harassed, threatened, and restricted in their travel by the police and state security (MSS), questioning the democratic nature of the elections.
2026-11-07
On November 7, Weibo blogger "Nanguiguyi" posted a video sharing a netizen's voting experience, claiming that as long as one wants to, they can absolutely vote. Netizens left comments asking who the candidates were and whether it was an equal or unequal election, and mentioned that their community had previously asked if they were willing to follow the voting process or give up their vote.
2026-11-06
Xi Jinping went to the Zhongnanhai polling station to cast his vote in the Beijing district-level People's Congress election, with state media high-profilely promoting 'whole-process democracy'.
2026-11-06
Xi Jinping went to the Huairentang polling station in Zhongnanhai to participate in the voting for the election of deputies to the People's Congress of Xicheng District, Beijing.
2026-11-06
Beijing held an election for deputies to the People's Congress, where a netizen crossed out the candidate on the ballot and wrote the name of Taiwanese politician Shen Po-yang, sparking online attention.
2026-11-06
On November 6, during the voting for the grassroots People's Congress representative election in Beijing, multiple netizens reported that voters received cash subsidies and daily necessities at the neighborhood committee sites.
2026-11-06
On November 6, Reuters published an interview with Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Taipei mayoral candidate Shen Po-yang. Shen stated that what truly frustrates China is democracy, and even if Chiang Wan-an is elected mayor of Taipei, it proves that Taiwan can freely elect its leaders without interference from China, and that every election is a slap in the face to China.
2026-11-06
A netizen submission states that Taiyuan University of Technology organized faculty and students to participate in the voting for NPC deputies.
2026-11-06
On November 6, the Haidian District of Beijing held elections for district-level People's Congress representatives. In the Beijing Language and Culture University constituency, 11,723 out of 11,745 registered voters cast their ballots, a turnout rate of 99.8%; in the four constituencies of Tsinghua Garden Subdistrict, 45,415 people voted, with an average turnout rate of 99.02%, electing 8 district People's Congress representatives.
2026-11-04
Recently, universities in Jilin and other regions have required students to attend and vote in local district and county People's Congress representative elections. It is stipulated that abstention is not allowed, and leave is not granted for off-campus internships. There are people guiding students to mark circles or crosses next to candidates, and taking photos is prohibited. Students have posted online to complain.
2026-11-04
The People's Congress representative election in Jiading District is scheduled for November 16, but the 128,900 towels purchased by the Nanxiang Town government for election publicity have a bid opening time set for 9:30 AM on November 17, the day after the vote.
2026-11-04
On November 4, the Academic Affairs Department of Taiyuan Institute of Technology in Shanxi issued a notice stating that in order to organize teachers and students to participate in the election of deputies to the Jiancaoping District People's Congress, classes will be suspended in batches from 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM on November 6, with 11 departments voting in staggered shifts of 15 to 40 minutes each during designated time slots.
2026-11-02
East China Normal University issued a notice stating that classes will be suspended across the entire campus on November 16 due to the district-level People's Congress election, sparking public questioning regarding the real power of candidates and students' right to know.
2026-11-02
On November 2, East China Normal University issued a notice stating that to facilitate the district-level People's Congress representative election, all classes for students and faculty will be suspended on the morning and afternoon of Monday, November 16.
2026-11-02
On November 2, the Shanghai University of Engineering Science issued a notice stating that to facilitate the district-level People's Congress representative election on November 16, classes at the Songjiang and Changning campuses will be suspended that morning. Teachers and students are to be organized to participate in the election, and it is required that affected courses make up for the missed progress, with no reduction in syllabus content allowed.
2026-11
In November 2026, elections for local People's Congress representatives began across China. All candidates were pre-selected by the authorities, with their personal information and political platforms kept private, leaving voters with no knowledge of the candidates.
2026-10-28
On October 28, Northwestern Polytechnical University conducted nomination recommendations for NPC deputy elections, listing two proposed candidates. A student group notice stated that the candidates were determined by the school, and if there were no objections, classes would sign on behalf of the students.
2026-10-27
On October 27, the Election Committee Office of Gong County, Yibin, Sichuan, stated on the official website of the County People's Congress that all preliminary candidates for the new term of county and township people's congresses were selected from a reserve pool of approximately 2,200 people. This pool is coordinated by the Organization Department of the County Party Committee, and candidates are subject to joint review by discipline inspection, police (Public Security), and judicial departments.
2026-10-25
As votes are counted in the Serbian general election, Vucic, who has been in power for 12 years, publicly admits defeat, and the grassroots political newcomer 'Student List' wins a landslide victory.
2026-10-25
On the evening of October 25, Serbian President Vučić acknowledged that the Progressive Party coalition he leads lost the snap parliamentary election to the "Student List" backed by the student movement, saying he accepts the results and will now become the opposition.
2026-10-24
The 2026 U.S. midterm elections will be held on November 3, with all 35 Senate seats and all 435 House seats up for election, determining control of both chambers of Congress.
2026-10-20
According to a post by X account @jielijian, the Chinese government is carrying out transnational repression against multiple members of the International Union of China’s Democrats and staunch anti-CCP activists. The party members involved, along with their relatives and friends, continue to suffer major harm, threats, intimidation, and harassment from the Chinese government, causing the individuals involved extreme mental pain and suffering. The poster strongly condemned this and called for overthrowing the CCP regime, demanding the arrest of Xi Jinping and the trial of all human rights criminals.
2026-10-20
On October 20, Taiwan's National Security Bureau submitted a report to the Legislative Yuan, saying that the CCP sets the narrative through state media and influences the year-end nine-in-one elections through proxy accounts, troll armies, PR companies, and AI audio and video, involving issues such as energy, food safety, and national defense; from January to September this year it collected more than 2.5 million pieces of disputed information, up about 48% year-on-year.
2026-10-19
In an interview published by the X account @clashreport, Ukrainian President Zelensky said that if a general election were held during the war, he would run, calling it his responsibility and saying he must defend the country with all his might from the beginning to the end of the war.
2026-10-19
On October 19, 2026, the Chinese Democracy Party International Alliance held a protest rally in front of the Flushing Library in New York. Participants strongly condemned the Chinese government's human rights violations, including alleged transnational repression, threats and intimidation of overseas democracy activists, attacks on party members, and joint persecution of their family members inside China, and demanded an end to the related persecution.
2026-10-18
Overseas activist @jielijian posted on social media on October 18, 2026 Beijing time, publicly calling for the release of Chinese political prisoner Peng Lifa, drawing attention and engagement.
2026-10-18
According to a post by X user @jielijian, on October 18, 2026, the China Democracy Party International Alliance held an event in Flushing, New York — the residential area with the largest Chinese population in the world — strongly condemning the Chinese government's human rights crimes of transnational repression, violent attacks against members of the China Democracy Party International Alliance, and threats, harassment and intimidation of their family members back home, and pointing out that the area contains outposts linked to CCP overseas police stations.
2026-10-17
According to X account @ChinaSelect, Hong Kong democracy activist Joshua Wong has been imprisoned by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since 2020 for his pro-democracy activities. U.S. Representative Moolenaar praised his courage and officially nominated Joshua Wong for the Defending Freedoms Project of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission in Congress, with the relevant committee and its chair issuing statements of support.
2026-10-17
Zhou Junyi, a senior member of the Chinese Democracy Party, successfully left Thailand on October 17, 2026 after being held by the immigration bureau there for more than a year, boarding a flight to Canada. According to reports, while stranded in Thailand Zhou Junyi faced dangerous situations on multiple occasions, including pressure from personnel at the Chinese Embassy in Thailand who demanded that he sign a consent form for repatriation, attempting to have him deported back to China. Zhou Junyi has now successfully escaped the control of the CCP's transnational repression apparatus and is about to arrive in Canada.
2026-10-17
Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado publicly expressed her gratitude to former U.S. President Trump. Machado said that Trump compelled Maduro to face judicial trial, opening a door to freedom for Venezuela, and stressed that the Venezuelan people must complete the task of democratic transition. She also praised the move as one that will become Trump's great political legacy.
2026-10-16
Data released by the Minnesota Secretary of State's office shows that as of October 16, about 200,000 voters had participated in early voting for the state's midterm elections.
Location: Minnesota, United States ·
Importance II ·
Verification: Verified ·
View causal chain →
2026-10-16
On October 16, 2026, the International Alliance of the Chinese Democratic Party issued a formal protest, accusing the Chinese government and the Xi Jinping criminal group of conducting cyberattacks and account hijacking against them, sparking widespread attention and condemnation both at home and abroad.
2026-10-16
X user @LeiYang8964 posted video footage in which the person in the video, Wu Xiong, openly stated that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the greatest obstacle to democracy in China, and called on the public not to follow the Communist Party, saying it will not meet a good end.
2026-10-15
China Democracy Quarterly has released Issue 4 of 2026, covering topics such as artificial intelligence and authoritarian rule, youth social movements, and historical memory. A full download is available, and readers are urged to forward and spread the word.
2026-10-14
In the early hours of October 14, 2026, Beijing time, a Twitter user posted that New People's Party member Yan Youxin had been deported back to China, and pointed out that this matter was closely related to Yang Maosen's team. The poster questioned whether Yang Maosen's team might have arranged a pro-CCP lawyer for Yan Youxin, and criticized the team for claiming to catch "spies" on one hand while seeking help from CCP lawyers on the other. The cause of the incident and its specific details remain to be further verified.
2026-10-13
According to Twitter user @jielijian, human rights activist Li Qing was arrested on October 13, 2026 while reporting to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Li Qing had previously protested outside the Chinese Embassy in the United States and the residence of Ambassador Xie Feng after her husband was persecuted to death by the CCP in China. Supporters worry that if Li Qing is deported back to China, she will face deadly retaliation from the CCP, and are calling on the U.S. government to provide protection so that her life and safety are not seriously threatened.
2026-10-12
On October 12, 2026, Beijing time, the Chinese Democracy Party International Alliance held a protest rally in front of the Chinese Consulate General in Los Angeles, accusing the Chinese government of transnational repression and of persecuting more than 20 of its party members and their family members in China. At the scene, the alliance submitted a protest letter to Consul General Guo Shaochun, solemnly condemning the Chinese Communist Party's human rights crimes against dissidents, demanding an end to threats and violent attacks, and stating that it would lobby the U.S. Congress to hold those responsible to account.
2026-10-10
On October 10, the Double Tenth Day, Chinese netizens commemorated Sun Yat-sen in various ways, displaying his views such as "the world belongs to all" and "the country is not the domain of one person," expressing their respect and their longing for democracy and freedom.
2026-10-09
US Secretary of State Rubio met with opposition leader Figueroa, urging the Venezuelan opposition to take part in negotiations with the Rodríguez government, and announced that a new round of talks would begin on October 14.
2026-09-29
Jie Lijian, a prominent overseas democracy activist and vice chairman of the China Democracy Party National Committee, lost contact with the outside world for dozens of hours starting on the afternoon of September 27, 2026. On September 29, overseas democracy activist Yang Maosen and a friend, with the help of an emergency contact and the New York landlord, opened the door and found Jie Lijian unconscious and in serious condition in bed at his New York residence. He was then urgently taken to hospital for emergency treatment by FDNY EMTs. Jie Lijian had long been active at the forefront of the anti-CCP democracy movement and had repeatedly suffered violent attacks and bizarre car accidents. The specific cause of illness and the progress of treatment still await a formal medical report from the hospital.
Location: New York, United States ·
Importance III ·
Verification: Reported ·
View causal chain →
2026-09-24
The Chinese Democracy Party stated that 5 members were taken away by police during the day's protest in Washington, and the organizers are waiting for a police statement on whether they will be released.
Location: Washington, United States ·
Importance III ·
Verification: Reported ·
View causal chain →
2026-09-24
On the day Xi Jinping attended the White House state dinner, members of the Chinese Democracy Party and onlookers held a protest parade on the streets of Washington with a Xi Jinping doll and beat it.
Location: Washington, United States ·
Importance III ·
Verification: Verified ·
View causal chain →
2026-09-12
On September 12, in the review section of Liu Yu's book "The Art of Possibility" on WeChat Reading, users posted a large number of sarcastic comments regarding "100% vote share" and "unanimous approval" in response to the book's mention of Egypt's "96% fake elections," indirectly alluding to the Chinese political system.
2026-09-17
During a People's Congress election at a public school in Guangzhou, the administration strictly prohibited teachers from abstaining and privately designated candidates, interfering with the electoral process.
2026-09-13
Xi Jinping is scheduled to visit the United States on September 24, 2026, and overseas democracy movement activists plan to travel to Washington to protest at that time; pro-CCP overseas community leaders are also organizing people to go to Washington to wave the five-star red flag, and some democracy activists say they will photograph and submit to the FBI for verification the identities of the relevant people.
2026-09-13
On September 13, 2026, the Chinese Democracy Progress Alliance held a rally at Sydney Town Hall in Australia. The event was organized by the organization's publicity department head Ji Yichen and organization department head Ni Yongjiu. Rally participants called for an end to the Chinese Communist Party's authoritarian rule and demanded that Xi Jinping step down, while also expressing concern over the human rights situation in Xinjiang, voicing support for members of the Hong Kong Alliance and imprisoned democrats such as Joshua Wong, and reiterating their demands for freedom, democracy, and human rights.
2026-09-08
Around September 8, 2026, Wang Dan, Guo Baosheng, Chen Xiaoping, and several friends traveled to India and met with the Dalai Lama, with relevant photos published online. Those accompanying them were reportedly overseas pro-democracy figures and their friends. Following the meeting, some criticized them for contacting or paying homage to the Dalai Lama, while those involved viewed the encounter as a meeting between anti-communist individuals and a gesture of respect for the Dalai Lama's person and beliefs. The source material did not specify the exact city or the formal arrangements for the meeting.
2026-09-08
According to a September 2026 video of Hu Liren's "True China," former history teacher Yuan Tengfei, who emigrated to the United States, publicly criticized Falun Gong, Wenzhao and others at a meeting, triggering overseas public opinion controversy and criticism.
2026-09-03
The U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts announced that Sun Yupeng has been indicted by a federal grand jury on charges involving registering and voting under other people's identities, as well as submitting fraudulent immigration forms.
2026-09
Jie Lijian, a high-profile anti-communist overseas, was found slumped in a deep coma and vomiting blood in his residence in Flushing, New York, nearly two days after he went missing. The door was broken open by his landlord and friends, and poisoning is initially suspected; he was subsequently rushed to the hospital for emergency treatment.
2026-09
At a public school in Guangzhou, teachers were banned from abstaining in the election of deputies to the People's Congress, and they were privately told explicitly to cast their votes for a designated candidate. Netizens joked that the election was nothing but a formality.
2026-08-10
On August 10, the Supreme Court of Russia ruled to ban the opposition Yabloko party from participating in the September parliamentary elections. Representatives of the party stated they will continue to fight within the legal framework.
2026-08-07
In an interview, Want Want Group vice chairman Chou Hsi-wei said that Taiwanese need to think clearly about how much harm the so-called Western electoral democratic system has brought to the world, sparking discussion among netizens.
2026-08
Zhao Guangjun was arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers in Indiana and is currently being held in an immigration detention center in Kentucky, sparking public controversy between overseas democracy activists calling for his rescue and opponents publicly exposing his actions.
2026-08
Zhao Guangjun is suspected of violently beating Chen Shuguang overseas, causing injuries that required hospital treatment, which attracted attention within political circles. However, some pro-democracy figures attempted to whitewash his actions and rescue him from prison.
2026-08
Yang Zili posted in a group, accusing Hu Liren of exaggerating the severity of the incident where Zhao Guangjun hit someone, and defended Zhao Guangjun. Hu Liren responded by listing facts such as Zhao Guangjun causing a mild concussion, threatening others with a knife, and sexually harassing Li Huanjun, criticizing Yang Zili for evading the truth and defending someone with a long record of misconduct.
2026-07-16
Trump claimed that the Department of Homeland Security found approximately 270,000 non-U.S. citizens involved in election fraud, and said the actual number could be higher.
2026-07-16
Trump claimed that the FBI possesses evidence related to Michigan voter registration and cheating rings, and called for investigations and prosecutions of those involved.
2026-06-30
Britain's Labour Party won an overwhelming majority in parliament in the election, but the conservative vote split between the Conservative Party and the Reform Party, which is believed to have affected the seat results.
2026-06-26
A June 27, 2026 New York Times report: 68-year-old Chinese dissident Dong Guangping, after multiple arrests and deportations, crossed the Yellow Sea alone in an inflatable boat in May and reached South Korea, where he was rescued; after a Korean court refused to approve his arrest, he was permitted to leave the country and safely arrived in Toronto to reunite with his family.
2026-06-16
On June 16, 2026, human rights activist Zhou Fengsuo publicly disclosed that Wang Yiyan, a PhD student at the University of Colorado in the US who researches internet freedom, had been secretly arrested by the Chinese Communist Party and forcibly disappeared for two years after returning to China.
2026-06-14
When Cheng Li-wun delivered a speech at the Los Angeles Marriott Hotel, Chinese overseas dissidents Su Yifeng and Yue Zailin publicly questioned and protested her pro-CCP stance on the spot, and were subsequently violently ejected, gagged, and beaten by security guards and others.
Location: Los Angeles, United States ·
Importance III ·
Verification: Verified ·
View causal chain →
2026-06
South Korean citizens and conservative-leaning civic groups took to the streets in protest against the far-left regime and election fraud, demanding a re-election.
2026-05-25
On May 25, 2026, human rights activist Dong Guangping, who had been repeatedly sentenced and imprisoned by Chinese authorities, fled China by rubber boat and arrived in South Korea seeking humanitarian protection and asylum, in order to avoid being deported again or facing political persecution.
2026-05
In May 2026, US Representatives McGovern and McCaul jointly introduced a bill requiring the US Secretary of State to push the international community to grant a higher degree of political recognition and engagement to the Tibetan government-in-exile, the Central Tibetan Administration.
Location: Washington, United States ·
Importance IV ·
Verification: Reported ·
View causal chain →
2026-01-20
The UK Labour Government has officially approved China's construction of a large embassy at the Royal Mint Court mint near the Tower of London, sparking concerns among overseas dissidents regarding intelligence gathering and intimidation.
Location: London, United Kingdom ·
Importance IV ·
Verification: Verified ·
View causal chain →
2026-01-12
On January 12, 2026, the grassroots online community Li Community released its 2025 annual report, compiling digital action projects covering reducing the burden on middle school students, records of workers' excessive overtime, and cross-border fraud verification, along with more than 20,000 submissions from the public.
2024-12-18
On December 18, 2024, well-known overseas blogger "Teacher Li Is Not Your Teacher" announced the launch of the crypto meme coin $LI to fund anti-CCP causes; subsequently, the sharp drop in the coin's price triggered fierce questioning from participants of the White Paper Movement and distancing from multiple quarters.
2024-11-01
On November 1, 2024, the canopy of the railway station in Novi Sad, Serbia, collapsed, killing 16 people. The station had previously been renovated under contract by a consortium of Chinese-funded enterprises. Students demanded accountability for the accident and an end to corruption; the protests continued for nearly two years and grew into a nationwide movement calling for early elections.
2024-05-13
Lu Jianwang, suspected of operating a Chinese Communist Party overseas police station in New York that located a California democracy activist, was convicted on May 13.
2021
A netizen stated that they participated in an NPC representative election at school for the first time in 2021. The candidate information provided only included name, gender, education, and position. While classmates posted on WeChat Moments about casting their 'sacred vote,' the netizen did not know what the candidates intended to do for the voters after being elected.
2019-12
Rights lawyers and civic activists such as Xu Zhiyong, Ding Jiaxi, and Wu Shaoping gathered in Xiamen, Fujian to discuss current affairs and the development of civil society in China, prompting a nationwide crackdown by the Chinese authorities.
2019-11-02
Xi Jinping proposed "whole-process democracy" and announced that China has achieved whole-process democracy, claiming that Chinese democracy is even better than that of the United States.
2019-06-09
Hong Kong saw a pro-democracy protest movement that profoundly impacted the fate of its people, which was subsequently brutally suppressed and thoroughly reorganized by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the cover of the pandemic.
2019
During the 2019 Canadian Liberal Party leadership election, the Chinese Embassy in Toronto organized international students to vote for the pro-communist candidate Dong Hanpeng.
2016-11
Two female independent candidates in Beijing running for grassroots People's Congress deputy were surrounded and obstructed by a large number of men in black, and their qualifications were ultimately revoked.
2013-01
The first session of the 12th Liaoning Provincial People's Congress elected 102 deputies to the National People's Congress; it was later discovered that 45 of them were involved in vote-buying. Among the 619 provincial deputies, 523 were implicated and eventually resigned or were removed from office.
2011
Back in 2011, overseas democracy activists gathered and used a one-person-one-vote method to predict that the collapse of the Chinese Communist Party regime would happen in about five years.
2008-05-12
After the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008, large numbers of civilian volunteers and professional rescue teams from various regions joined the disaster relief effort, which is often regarded as a symbol of the rise of civil society in China.
2004-03
Article 13 of the Constitution was amended to state that citizens' lawful private property is inviolable, establishing a framework where lawful property is protected rather than recognized as a conventional absolute right.
2004
The Alashan SEE Ecological Association was established, where entrepreneurs learn the skills of rule-based negotiation and self-governance through internal governance and one-person-one-vote elections.
1998-12
In 1998, Xu Wenli, Wang Youcai, and Qin Yongmin, founders of the China Democracy Party, were sentenced for their party-building activities, marking the establishment of political parties as a taboo in China.
1989-12-07
When the East German regime collapsed, the opposition and the old system quickly established a Central Round Table to handle free elections, the dissolution of the secret police, democratic transition, and the drafting of a new constitution.
1989-09
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Poland's Solidarity trade union took power, Mazowiecki became Poland's first democratically elected prime minister, and he convened a conference on experience exchange among anti-communist alliances, which Yu Maochun attended.
1989-06-03
Chinese students and citizens gathered in Beijing Tiananmen Square to demand reforms, anti-corruption measures, and freedom, and were met with a military crackdown by troops and tanks.
1989-06-03
As a power crisis loomed, Deng Xiaoping used tanks and machine guns to suppress the student movement, blocking China's path to freedom and democracy.
1989-04-27
Over 200,000 students and 1 million citizens took to the streets, holding the famous "April 27th Grand Parade" in support of the student movement.
1989-04-26
People’s Daily published an editorial titled “We must unequivocally oppose this unrest,” labeling the student movement as unrest.
1980
In 1980, Poland founded the independent trade union Solidarity during the communist era. The union later became the impetus for designing Polish society beyond the government in the post-communist period, enabling a relatively smooth transition after the fall of communism in Poland.
1920
In 1920, Chen Qiongming proposed "Cantonese governing Canton" in Guangdong, advocating relatively thorough local self-governance, and later forming a confederation or federation, believing that independence must come first and sovereignty must first return to the people.
1919
During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, some people in Hunan advocated for Hunan's autonomy. Young Mao Zedong was the most vocal proponent of Hunan's autonomy, and Hunan proposed the establishment of the Hunan Republic, which was seen as an example of popular sovereignty. John Dewey also attached importance to Hunan's autonomy, believing that China might form a federal system similar to that of the United States at the time.
1905
In 1905 the Tongmenghui was founded in Tokyo. It began as an anti-Qing group, with chaotic internal management.