Duan Qirui, along with 47 high-ranking Beiyang generals, issued a joint telegram for the republic, delivering an ultimatum for abdication to Empress Dowager Longyu in the name of saving the throne.
Liang Bi, a core Manchu noble figure who advocated rejecting a republic and fighting against Yuan Shikai, was killed in a bomb attack in Beijing, causing the Manchu nobles' northwest defense line to completely collapse.
On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen delivered the Inaugural Address in Nanjing, swore the oath to assume the office of Provisional President, and the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was formally established — the first central government of the Republic of China.