In 1919, Hunan Proposed the Establishment of the Hunan Republic and Advocated for Local Autonomy

1919 ·Reported ·Importance II ·Sources 1 ·China

During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, some people in Hunan advocated for Hunan's autonomy. Young Mao Zedong was the most vocal proponent of Hunan's autonomy, and Hunan proposed the establishment of the Hunan Republic, which was seen as an example of popular sovereignty. John Dewey also attached importance to Hunan's autonomy, believing that China might form a federal system similar to that of the United States at the time.

In 1917, Denmark Sold the Danish West Indies to the United States for $25 Million

1917 ·Reported ·Importance II ·Sources 1 ·Denmark

In 1917, Denmark sold the Danish West Indies (today the U.S. Virgin Islands) to the United States for $25 million in gold, showing that Denmark's sovereignty over distant overseas territories was not unchangeable.

Yuan Shikai dies, the imperial restoration attempt ends

1916.06.06 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 3 ·China

Yuan Shikai died in 1916, and his attempt to declare himself emperor ended with him; subsequently, China entered the Warlord Era.

Cai E launched the National Protection War in Yunnan to oppose Yuan Shikai's imperial ambitions

1915.12.25 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 3 ·Yunnan

After Yuan Shikai declared himself emperor, Cai E launched the National Protection War in Yunnan, and other figures subsequently joined the anti-Yuan campaign.

Yuan Shikai Declares Himself Emperor and Establishes the Empire of China

1915.12.12 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 3 ·China

Yuan Shikai declared himself emperor in 1915, changing the state name to the Empire of China, which triggered opposition from the Beiyang warlords and various regions.

Sun Yat-sen founded the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, starting afresh

1914.07.08 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 1 ·Tokyo, Japan

Sun Yat-sen required party members to take an oath, press their fingerprints, and pledge absolute loyalty to the leader, provoking opposition from Huang Xing and others.

Yuan Shikai Orders the Kuomintang Dissolved

1913.10.04 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 1 ·Beijing

After the failed anti-Yuan campaign, Yuan Shikai ordered the dissolution of the Kuomintang and the confiscation of the credentials of 438 members of parliament.

Song Jiaoren Shot Dead at Shanghai's Huning Railway Station

1913.03.20 ·Verified ·Importance IV ·Sources 1 ·Shanghai

Song Jiaoren was assassinated in Shanghai, ending the Kuomintang's possibility of forming a cabinet through a parliamentary majority.

The Kuomintang Is Founded in Beijing and Wins the General Election

1912.08.25 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 1 ·Beijing

Song Jiaoren merged the Tongmenghui with four small parties to form the Kuomintang, winning 392 seats in both houses in the first parliamentary election to become the largest party.

Empress Dowager Longyu Issues the Abdication Edict

1912.02.12 ·Verified ·Importance V ·Sources 2 ·Beijing

Empress Dowager Longyu issued the abdication edict along with the favorable treatment conditions for the Qing imperial family, marking the formal exit of the Qing Dynasty. The Beiyang clique and local gentry completed the transfer of power through a leveraged buyout.

Duan Qirui and 47 Other Generals Jointly Force Abdication

1912.01.26 ·Verified ·Importance IV ·Sources 2 ·Hebei

Duan Qirui, along with 47 high-ranking Beiyang generals, issued a joint telegram for the republic, delivering an ultimatum for abdication to Empress Dowager Longyu in the name of saving the throne.

Zongshe Party Core Liang Bi Killed by Bomb in Beijing

1912.01.26 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 3 ·Beijing

Liang Bi, a core Manchu noble figure who advocated rejecting a republic and fighting against Yuan Shikai, was killed in a bomb attack in Beijing, causing the Manchu nobles' northwest defense line to completely collapse.

Juliette Gordon Low Founded the Girl Scouts of the USA

1912 ·Verified ·Importance II ·Sources 1 ·United States

One of the figures commemorated in the mural, Juliette Gordon Low, founded the Girl Scouts of the USA in 1912.

Sun Yat-sen Takes Office as Provisional President of the Republic of China in Nanjing; Provisional Government Established

1912.01.01 ·Verified ·Importance IV ·Sources 1 ·Nanjing, Jiangsu

On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen delivered the Inaugural Address in Nanjing, swore the oath to assume the office of Provisional President, and the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was formally established — the first central government of the Republic of China.

Sun Yat-sen Arrives in Shanghai and Forms the Provisional Government

1911.12.25 ·Verified ·Importance III ·Sources 3 ·Shanghai

After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Shanghai. Following the establishment of the Provisional Government in Nanjing, the treasury had only ten silver dollars left, facing total bankruptcy due to a lack of foreign window and diplomatic recognition.

The Qing Court Announces the Nationalization of Trunk Railways

1911.05.09 ·Verified ·Importance IV ·Sources 2 ·Sichuan

Driven by a financial crisis, the Qing government announced the nationalization of the Sichuan-Hankou and Guangzhou-Hankou railways, triggering a stock market crash. Subsequently, the government mortgaged railway rights to the Four-Power Banking Consortium, directly igniting the Railway Protection Movement.