Before his visit to North Korea, Zhao Ziyang consulted Deng Xiaoping, and Deng Xiaoping promised that after returning to China he would be appointed Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and agreed to the visit.
Former the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Hu Yaobang died of heart disease, prompting spontaneous mourning by Beijing university students.
In April 1989, Hu Yaobang suffered a massive myocardial infarction during a Politburo meeting and passed away shortly after. His death directly triggered the subsequent 1989 Student Movement.
On April 8, 1989, Hu Yaobang suffered a heart attack at a Politburo meeting in Huairentang; Wen Jiabao directed the rescue and accompanied him to the hospital.
Because the World Economic Herald published an article commemorating Hu Yaobang, Shanghai Municipal Party Secretary Jiang Zemin ordered the article pulled and suspended editor-in-chief Qin Benli for self-reflection, sparking protests by journalists and students.
On March 8, 1989, Li Peng issued a martial law decree for Lhasa on behalf of the State Council, following Deng Xiaoping's approval of martial law in Tibet, preventive arrests, and the decision that journalists and cadres could be shot on the spot; troops entered Lhasa on March 7.
Beginning on March 6, 1989, large numbers of armed police forces in Lhasa fired without warning at Tibetans gathered at the Jokhang Temple. Tibetans on retreat routes were ambushed, and Tibetans who had not taken part in the gathering were also strafed, provoking open opposition from the regional Party committee, people's congress, CPPCC, and public security department.
On March 2, 1989, a large number of Tibetans gathered in the square in front of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, shouting "down with corrupt officials," demanding the Dalai Lama's return to Tibet and the return of power to the Tibetan people. Hu Jintao dispatched armed police to clear the area, but it failed.
During the Lhasa crackdown in March 1989, in opposition to the indiscriminate shooting by armed police, more than 3000 Lhasa public security officers disobeyed orders and withdrew from the city, refusing to cooperate with the armed police.
When meeting with U.S. President George H.W. Bush in Beijing, Deng Xiaoping stated that the overriding issue for China's problems is the need for stability; without a stable environment, nothing can be accomplished.
U.S. President George Bush visited Beijing, and his plan to invite dissident Fang Lizhi and his wife to a dinner was intercepted by Chinese police.
On the morning of February 7, 1989, the Snow Lion flag symbolizing Tibetan independence was raised in the main hall of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. More than 200 Lhasa police tried to force their way in to seize the flag but were driven out by the crowd. When the armed police returned the next day, the flag had already been hidden by Tibetans; the armed police took away more than 20 people and seized belongings to use as evidence.
Six communist regimes in Eastern Europe collapsed one after another within a few months, and the Berlin Wall, symbolizing the Cold War division, fell almost overnight, providing historical experience for the political transitions that followed.
In 1989, China's GDP growth was only 4.1%, and economic growth faced severe challenges, partly related to a loss of control over the economy and prices.
Stephen Chow and Lo Pui-kwan met while filming The Justice of Our Life and began a relationship, which lasted about three years.
In 1989, Zhao Ziyang bluntly told visiting Gorbachev that Deng Xiaoping was the absolute authority ruling from behind the curtain. During the June Fourth period, as vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, he was unwilling to order the massacre, and was therefore politically purged.
After the 1989 June Fourth incident, writer Gao Xingjian publicly announced his withdrawal from the Chinese Communist Party and declared that he would never return to mainland China; he subsequently settled in France and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000.
In January 1989, the 10th Panchen Lama Chökyi Gyaltsen, who ranked second only to the Dalai Lama in status within Tibet's religious system and had long served as a lubricant between the central authorities and the Tibetan region, suddenly died at the age of only 51, and the situation in Tibet promptly grew sensitive.
At the end of 1988, Hu Jintao was dispatched by Deng Xiaoping to Lhasa to serve as Party Secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Soon after taking office, he encountered the death of the Panchen Lama and turmoil in Lhasa.
The Soviet Union passed the Law on Cooperatives, allowing private cooperatives to operate under the umbrella of state-owned enterprises. This turned the floodgates for converting accounting currency into cash from the Communist Youth League to every factory director across the country.
Red Sorghum, directed by Zhang Yimou and adapted from Mo Yan's novel, won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival, becoming the first Chinese film to receive the honor; Zhang Yimou thus transitioned from cinematographer to internationally renowned director.
The Chinese Communist Party's attempt to abolish the dual-track system and implement price reform triggered panic buying and severe inflation, becoming a major economic background for the outbreak of the June 4, 1989 Tiananmen crackdown.
In 1988, the national overall retail price index rose by about 18.5%, the first inflation peak since the reform and opening-up, and a wave of panic buying occurred that year.
Fuzhou Group's first construction of large ocean-going cargo ships at a Chinese state-owned shipyard marks the first deep cooperation between the Zhao family and China's national industrial system.
When Huawei was first founded, Ren Zhengfei required all staff to keep mattresses under their desks so they could sleep at the company and work directly when tasks were urgent. This is the origin of "mattress culture."
China has once again launched a severe crackdown campaign.
Ailuming reportedly founded a technology company in Wuhan in 1988, with business involving scientific research and medicine.
In 1988, Mao Xinyu scored only 109 in total on the gaokao. His mother tried to use privileges to get him into Peking University, but was refused by then-president Ding Shisun on the grounds of "welcome to apply."
Brazil's 1988 constitutional amendment reduced the maximum weekly working hours from 48 to 44, raised the overtime pay rate, and stipulated that unjustified dismissal requires an additional compensation equal to 40% of the balance in the severance guarantee fund (FGTS).
In 1988, China and Vietnam fought a naval battle at Johnson South Reef in the Spratly Islands.
To force out senior party elders and continue to control the military, Deng Xiaoping announced his withdrawal from the Politburo Standing Committee, after which the CCP's 13th National Congress amended the party constitution, removing the requirement that the Chairman of the Central Military Commission be a Standing Committee member.
The 13th National Congress of the CCP was held, establishing the Party's basic line for the primary stage of socialism.
At the 13th National Congress in 1987, the Party Constitution was amended to delete the provision that the Chairman of the Central Military Commission must be chosen from among the members of the Standing Committee of the CCP Central Committee Political Bureau, allowing Deng Xiaoping, who was an ordinary Party member, to continue serving as Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
In Compound 10, Chegou, Beijing, a Siemens 7760 mainframe at the Institute of Computer Application Technology of China Ordnance Industries connected to the internet and sent China's first email in English.
The Soviet Union passed the State Enterprise Law, delegating financial and production autonomy to factories. Factory directors were allowed to retain profits and determine production, but the lack of clear property rights opened a loophole for subsequent asset siphoning.
Hong Kong police arrested Sun Yee On leader Xiang Huayan and others, and held a trial, attempting to outline the organization of the gang.
Following the ongoing spread of the 1986 student protests, Deng Xiaoping criticized the central leadership for being weak on the ideological and theoretical front, and Hu Yaobang subsequently resigned from his position as General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee.
With Qiao Shi's support and Zhao Ziyang's approval, China Kanghua was officially established. It subsequently rapidly split into numerous subsidiaries, becoming a symbol of official profiteering and privileges.
After its 1987 release, “Furong Town” caused a sensation, won the Golden Rooster Award, Hundred Flowers Award and international film festival prizes, and the historic town where it was filmed was later renamed Furong Town.
After Hu Yaobang stepped down in 1987, Deng Xiaoping stated in a conversation with a Yugoslav diplomat that he opposed a multi-party system, elections, the separation of powers, and the idea of turning the National People's Congress and the CPPCC into a bicameral system.
After completing his graduate studies in 1987, Ma Chaoxu went directly to work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In 1987, due to political struggles such as the 1986 student movement, Hu Yaobang was completely defeated in his contest with Deng Xiaoping and lost his position as General Secretary.
After traveling abroad for activities, Gao Xingjian once returned to China, but upon learning that he might be reassigned to a cultural department in a remote area, he chose to stay in France and called France his home.
In 1987, Tibetan exile leader the Dalai Lama put forward a five-point peace plan on the Tibet issue in Washington, D.C., United States, not demanding Tibetan independence but only asking the central government to guarantee democracy in Tibet and autonomy for Tibetans, triggering a strong reaction from the top ranks of the Chinese Communist Party.
At the end of 1986, student unrest erupted nationwide; students from more than ten universities in Shanghai took to the streets, and Jiang Zemin responded with a carrot-and-stick policy.
In December 1986, student unrest broke out successively in Hefei, Shanghai, and Beijing and spread to Guiyang. Hu Jintao neither supported the protests nor sent in troops and police to suppress them; instead, he personally met with student representatives, made concessions and promises in exchange for the students withdrawing from the streets, and made no arrests afterward.
AFP published an exclusive wire service, making public for the first time the defection of the son of an old revolutionary and senior intelligence official to the United States, which led to the dismissal of Ling Yun, the first Minister of state security (MSS).
Jia Jinglong was born in 1986 in Beigaoying Village, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei; his specific date of birth, May 13, 1986, could not be verified.
Larry Wu-Tai Chin died in a federal prison in Virginia. While prison officials concluded it was suicide, his cause of death has sparked skepticism from the public and prosecutors.
After obtaining the funding for the filming of "Hibiscus Town", Liu Xiaoqing pleaded for Jiang Zemin with Deng Xiaoping, and Deng's door reopened for Jiang Zemin.