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Offshore Trust Taxation · Full chronicle and history

2026-11-06
On November 6, the draft amendment to the Law on the Administration of Tax Collection was opened for public comment: if an enterprise has a large amount of unpaid taxes and has not settled tax surcharges or provided guarantees, its principal person in charge and actual controller may be restricted from leaving the country; when investigating major tax violation cases, exit restrictions may be imposed on important involved personnel during the investigation stage with the approval of provincial tax authorities.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-11-01
In late October, universities such as the University of Science and Technology Beijing and Hangzhou Normal University issued notices stating that, starting November 1, they will withhold VAT and surcharges on labor remuneration for seven types of services, including consulting, design, and education, sparking questioning from netizens.
Location: China · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-31
According to Shanghai News Workshop, the Minhang District Representative Office of the Shanghai Charity Foundation received a property worth 6.5 million yuan bequeathed by an elderly person for educational aid. The person in charge stated that selling the property would require an estimated 4.5 to 4.6 million yuan in taxes, so they have decided not to sell it for now and will instead use rental income to support charity. On October 31, the topic topped the Weibo trending list.
Location: Shanghai · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-22
The Beijing Municipal Tax Service publicly disclosed on its official website that tax notices had been served on 21 natural persons, reflecting the continuing increase in pressure on local finances and tax recovery.
Location: Beijing · Importance II · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-10-25
On October 25, a netizen in Gansu posted a video titled "Who Isn't a Good Taxpaying Citizen," listing one by one the various tax rates embedded in everyday consumption such as food, utilities, transportation, home purchases and car buying, sparking heated discussion in the comments over hidden tax burdens.
Location: Gansu · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-22
October 22 is the deadline set by the Chinese government for declaring historical back taxes on offshore trusts. On that day, Chinese stocks officially entered a technical bear market, with the wealthy selling assets to pay the taxes, triggering selling pressure.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-10-22
Many private entrepreneurs in Shanghai are facing pressure to pay massive back taxes, with some billionaires having to borrow hundreds of millions of yuan in cash just to barely meet their tax obligations.
Location: Shanghai, China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-22
The Huairou District Tax Bureau in Beijing has issued public notices to 21 individuals, including Chao Mouzhe, requiring them to self-examine and declare personal income tax on offshore trusts in accordance with the law.
Location: 北京市怀柔区 · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-10-22
On October 22, the Huairou District Tax Bureau of Beijing issued an announcement, serving 21 individuals with Notices of Tax Matters, requiring them to self-inspect the establishment of and participation in offshore trusts, submit materials within 15 days, and declare and pay individual income tax in accordance with the law.
Location: Beijing · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-20
Bloomberg named eight Chinese billionaires including Ding Lei, Huang Zheng and Lei Jun, whose overseas trust assets exceed $140 billion, facing a new round of tax recovery and harvesting by the Chinese Communist Party.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-19
The State Taxation Administration released six implementation details, clarifying standards for lump-sum back taxes and the recovery period on historical trust income from offshore trusts, stepping up tax recovery from the wealthy’s overseas trusts.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-10-19
On October 19, China's State Taxation Administration once again reminded relevant taxpayers to complete filing and tax payments within the transition period before October 22, in order to avoid late-payment surcharges. Bloomberg reported the same day that the offshore holdings of 8 billionaires, including Ding Lei and Huang Zheng, totaling about $140.2 billion, could be affected.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-16
On October 16, Reuters cited family office lawyers as saying that some Chinese property developers are unable to pay the taxes they owe due to the sluggish property market; Hong Kong trust lawyers said that after the strengthening of tax collection on offshore trusts, some people have revoked trusts they set up before even funding them. China announced new personal income tax rules for offshore trusts in July; historical tax arrears must be declared and paid by October 22 to avoid late payment surcharges.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-15
The Zhuhai Jinwan District Tax Bureau has notified immigration authorities to block Xie Pingzhong from leaving the country starting October 15, citing the failure of Zhuhai Sanying Daily Necessities Co., Ltd. to settle outstanding taxes and late fees, or to provide a guarantee.
Location: Zhuhai · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-09
On October 9, the Shenzhen Tax Service issued an announcement stating that the social insurance payment function via channels such as the Alipay life account "Shenzhen Tax Service" has been restored.
Location: Shenzhen · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10-07
A Financial Times report discloses that Beijing is conducting a large-scale investigation into the offshore investments, trusts, and undeclared income of wealthy Chinese, while financial institutions are re-examining the overseas investments of high-net-worth clients.
Location: Beijing · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-10
The Chinese government has issued the "National Tax Administrative Penalty Discretionary Benchmarks (2026 Edition)," which for the first time incorporates social security contributions into the unified national tax administrative penalty discretionary system, effective November 1. Netizens are concerned that rising labor costs for enterprises may lead to the shifting of social security costs onto employees, resulting in wage cuts and exacerbating deflation and employment difficulties.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-30
According to a Ministry of Commerce announcement on September 30, imports of beef from Brazil reached 100% of the 2026 quota of 1.106 million tons on September 29. Starting from 0:00 on October 1, an additional 55% tariff will be levied on top of the current tax rates. This safeguard measure takes effect on January 1, 2026 and lasts for three years.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-28
The United States and China have released lists of goods subject to reciprocal tariff cuts totaling as much as $60 billion, and extended the trade truce to January 2027.
Location: Washington · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-09-28
According to a Bloomberg report on September 28 citing sources familiar with the matter, Chinese tax authorities have formed task forces consisting of local officials, tax inspection experts, and regulators to track the taxation of wealthy individuals, with some task forces specifically targeting a single billionaire.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-28
On September 28, the State Taxation Administration issued the National Discretionary Standards for Tax Administrative Penalties (2026 Edition), bringing social insurance contributions within the scope of nationally unified tax penalty discretion. Where an employer fails to pay or underpays social insurance contributions and still fails to pay after being ordered to do so within a specified time limit, a fine of up to three times the amount in arrears may be imposed. The new rules take effect on November 1, 2026.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-28
Bloomberg reported that after the controlling shareholder of a company in Guangzhou received a tax bill of 100 million RMB, they threatened to move the enterprise to Shanghai, eventually convincing local officials to reduce the tax amount to 5 million RMB; the report did not disclose the name of the enterprise or the basis for the adjustment.
Location: Guangzhou · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-26
Simulations and calculations show that, in order to hold to the general budget target, the government's continued intensification of tax collection would make the tax base and corporate profits unable to bear the load, and the moment the red line is burned through falls around October 2028.
Location: China · Importance V · Verification: 媒体评论 · View causal chain →
2026
In the first half of this year, China’s individual income tax revenue maintained relatively fast growth, but the tax authorities said that a considerable part of that growth came from back taxes and late payment surcharges, showing that strengthening tax collection and administration has become an important source of revenue for local governments.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
7月21日
A blogger spent 200 yuan at a supermarket and discovered through a tax invoice that approximately 10% in hidden VAT had been quietly deducted. Netizens pointed out that Chinese supermarkets generally levy a tax of about 10% on daily food items, whereas in the United States, taxes are transparent and basic food items are tax-exempt.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-18
Fujian's Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Department of Finance, and Taxation Bureau issued a notice on September 18, setting the upper limit of the pension insurance contribution base at 22893 yuan and the lower limit at 4579 yuan, and requiring back payment of the difference after January 1, 2026, with no late fees if paid in full before the end of December.
Location: Fujian · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-17
In many places of Jiangxi Province, cases have emerged where individually registered businesses that had been canceled were forcibly reinstated in tax registration by tax authorities, sparking widespread concerns among the accounting industry and netizens about the government's intensified tax collection efforts and fiscal pressure.
Location: Jiangxi · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-15
Recently, multiple posts on platforms like Xiaohongshu (RedNote) have surfaced, showing that many enterprises are still being required to pay back individual income tax, verify undistributed profits, or restore tax registration after deregistration. Some enterprises have even been pursued for taxes two years after deregistration, and systems are blocking instant deregistration due to "declared income being less than platform-reported income," sparking widespread criticism from netizens.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-09
On September 9, Haidilao shareholders reduced their holdings to cash out 2.75 billion HKD, coinciding with the implementation of new tax regulations for Chinese offshore trusts, leading to a sharp drop in stock price.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-09-01
An announcement by the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration stipulates that dividend and bonus income received by foreign individuals from foreign-invested enterprises will no longer be exempt from individual income tax and will be taxed at a rate of 20%, effective from September 1.
Location: China · Importance V · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-09
With local finances strained and land transfer fees plunging, Chinese tax authorities have launched a large-scale tax recovery campaign targeting the wealthy and corporations, focusing on tracing trust assets in Hong Kong and overseas.
Location: China · Importance V · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09-01
According to the relevant announcement, for enterprises that failed to withhold or pay individual income tax, foreign individuals must complete the supplementary tax payment before June 30 of the year following the receipt of income.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-09-01
On September 1, 2026, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration jointly announced that dividend income received by foreign individuals from foreign-invested enterprises will no longer be exempt from individual income tax and will be uniformly taxed at a rate of 20%.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-09
A number of businesses in Jiangxi that had ceased operations and completed deregistration have been ordered by local authorities to forcibly reinstate their tax registration and pay taxes again. One business deregistered in September 2025 had its registration forcibly reinstated on June 22, 2026, on the grounds that, at the time of deregistration, its financial statements showed over 300,000 yuan in undistributed profits, which must be taxed at 20%.
Location: Jiangxi · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-09
Multiple private business owners reported that after deregistering their companies they still received notices to pay back individual income tax and to have their undistributed profits verified; some were required to restore their tax registration, and one company's application for deregistration was rejected by the system on the grounds that its declared revenue did not match. The related topic trended on the hot search.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-08-28
On August 28, 2026, China's Ministry of Finance released a draft of the Local Surcharge Tax Law for public comment, proposing to merge the urban construction tax, the education surcharge, and the local education surcharge into a single local surcharge tax, with a unified tax rate set at 11% to 13%.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-08-26
Reported in August 2026, over a hundred Chinese listed companies were levied back taxes and penalties for the first half of this year, totaling about 7.7 billion RMB, with an unprecedented level of retroactive enforcement.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-08-21
On August 21, 2026, multiple users reported that, without their knowledge, their participation in a Baidu Netdisk sharing campaign led the operator to file personal income tax labor compensation declarations of 89.1 yuan on their behalf, raising questions about tax compliance.
Location: 北京市海淀区 · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-08-15
On August 15, 2026, Chinese citizens working in New Zealand reported receiving verification text messages from the domestic tax bureau; holding only 1,000 yuan in fixed-term deposits, they were asked to verify taxes due to the automatic exchange of CRS financial account information.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Hearsay · View causal chain →
2026-08-14
On August 14, 2026, the State Taxation Administration responded to concerns about the tax burden triggered by the recent acceleration in many places of efforts to solidify corporate social insurance contribution bases, making clear that it will advance in stages and will not carry out a centralized clearing of arrears.
Location: Beijing · Importance III · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-08-06
Reuters reports that China's tax authorities have begun piloting, in Beijing and Hangzhou, the collection of a 20% individual income tax on part of the returns from Hong Kong insurance policies held by local residents.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-08
The video cites insiders as saying that local government finances are strained, and higher-level authorities are requiring the grassroots to handle finances with one hand and maintain stability with the other, achieving this through tax audits, fines, and strengthened control over personnel; no public reports have been found backing this claim.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Hearsay · View causal chain →
2026-08
The State Taxation Administration has reportedly received orders to begin retroactive audits of personal income tax for overseas citizens, affecting Chinese citizens who have worked abroad for many years as well as some individuals who have renounced their citizenship, in conjunction with overseas asset investigations and exit controls.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-08
In August 2026, media reports quoted sources from local tax and human resources and social security departments confirming that audits of social insurance contribution bases have been tightened, with multiple regions requiring full actual contributions within three to five years; the related policies have triggered public discussion about the contribution burden.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-07-24
On July 24, 2026, China's Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued an announcement requiring individual residents to pay a 20% personal income tax on assets transferred into offshore trusts and the income generated during their existence, with a 90-day transition period.
Location: China · Importance V · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-07-24
On July 24, 2026, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued an announcement stating that residents must declare and pay individual income tax on property placed into offshore trusts and on income earned during the continuation of the trust.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-07-24
On July 24, 2026, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued an announcement clarifying that residents must declare and pay personal income tax on assets placed into offshore trusts and on income earned during the trust's existence, at a rate of 20%.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-07-24
The Chinese Communist Party's State Council issued a new offshore trust announcement, levying twenty on board debt, and restructured exit management through Order No. 841, tightening cross-border funds and personnel exits in coordination with CRS data alignment.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-07-24
On July 24, 2026, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued new rules stipulating that when Chinese tax residents transfer assets such as stocks and equity into offshore trusts, the relevant gains may be taxed at 20%. According to Reuters, the new rules have prompted some wealthy Chinese to raise cash and consider selling assets or borrowing to pay the tax.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-07-24
The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued an announcement on July 24 stating that individuals who have obtained foreign nationality or permanent residency abroad but whose principal economic interests come from within China may be recognized as Chinese tax residents, and that upon converting to non-resident status they must carry out tax clearance on gains from offshore trusts.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-07
The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration released Announcement No. 21; videos claim the announcement involves tax measures on offshore trusts.
Location: China · Importance II · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-07
China announced new rules in July, clarifying that income related to residents' personal offshore trusts must be declared and taxed regardless of whether it is distributed, at a tax rate of 20%; those who obtain foreign nationality but whose main economic interests come from within China can also be deemed Chinese tax residents.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-07
In July, the net fiscal contribution of China's new industries turned negative, dropping to negative 10.3 billion yuan, a significant decrease from the positive growth in the same period last year, reflecting exacerbated fiscal pressure driven by collapsing domestic demand and export tax rebates.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-06-23
The National Audit Office of China released an audit work report revealing that between 2023 and 2025, the Bank of China used employee capital contributions to "make up numbers" and packaged private equity funds as public funds, evading a cumulative 2.367 billion yuan in taxes.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-06-23
The Auditor General publicly disclosed issues such as tax avoidance by the Bank of China, local financial circular churning, and fire safety violations to the National People's Congress.
Location: Beijing, China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-06-22
Heilongjiang Beidahuang Agriculture was ordered by the tax department to pay approximately 1 billion RMB in corporate income tax for the years 2021 to 2025, along with approximately 400 million RMB in late fees.
Location: Heilongjiang · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-06-19
On June 19, 2026, the Trade Remedy and Investigation Bureau of China's Ministry of Commerce issued an announcement, ruling that increased imports of beef cause injury to the domestic industry, and imposing a 55% tariff on imported beef originating in Australia effective June 20.
Location: Beijing, China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-06-10
On June 10, 2026, China's State Taxation Administration released data showing that taxpayers who earned overseas income in the first five months of this year had collectively paid back approximately 13 billion yuan in taxes, with tax authorities placing a key emphasis on strengthening the collection and administration of overseas tax sources.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-06
An audit report revealed that Bank of China used methods such as gathering people through employees to package private equity funds as public funds, evading approximately 2.367 billion yuan in taxes over a period of more than two years.
Location: China · Importance V · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-06
An audit report states that tax and customs authorities overcharged or pre-collected corporate income tax and value-added tax from 1,954 enterprises, totaling 40.427 billion RMB.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026-06
Listed company Beidahuang was ordered to pay a total of 1.41 billion yuan in back taxes and late fees due to tax issues, with a five-year retroactive period. Throughout the year and in subsequent months, numerous enterprises face pressure to make up for unpaid taxes.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2026-06
In June 2026, Heilongjiang Beidahuang Agriculture Co., Ltd. announced that tax authorities had recovered about 1.41 billion yuan in taxes, exceeding its projected full-year net profit for 2025, and its stock price fell 10% in a single day.
Location: Heilongjiang · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2026-06
On June 14, 2026, multiple Counter-Strike 2 players reported receiving notices from local tax authorities requiring them to pay additional taxes on hundreds of thousands of yuan in transactions and earnings from third-party skin trading platforms.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Verifying · View causal chain →
2026
The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration jointly issued Document No. 28 of 2026, the "Measures for the Administration of Withholding and Remitting Value-Added Tax on Behalf of Natural Persons by Domestic Entities", which is set to be mandatorily enforced nationwide from November 1, 2026. When any entity settles fees with an individual that give rise to value-added tax, it must withhold the VAT and related taxes and fees; otherwise it bears joint responsibility for tax evasion.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2026
China recently ordered a strict investigation into corporate tax back payments and fines of all kinds, extending the audit lookback period from five years to twenty years, with all revoked and deregistered companies also being re-examined.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2025-12-31
On December 31, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced quota restriction measures on beef imports from countries including Brazil, Argentina, New Zealand, Australia and the United States, imposing an additional 55% tariff on beef imports exceeding the quota.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2025-03-21
Beijing tax authorities announced the results of their handling, finding that Sima Nan underpaid taxes and fees by concealing income and other means between 2019 and 2023, with a total recovery of 9.2694 million yuan including late payment surcharges and fines.
Location: Beijing · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2025
China's non-tax revenue increased from 2.98 trillion yuan in 2021 to 3.96 trillion yuan in 2025.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2024
According to data cited in the video, China's personal income tax revenue in 2025 grew by 11.5% compared with 2024.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2024
Hailun budgeted 38.3 million yuan in revenue from fines and confiscations at the beginning of the year, but actual revenue at year-end was 59.51 million yuan, a budget completion rate of 155%.
Location: Hailun, Heilongjiang · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2024
Nenjiang's ledger shows that revenue from fines and confiscations rose 115.7% year on year, with final accounts for such revenue reaching 68.4% of the budget set at the beginning of the year.
Location: Nenjiang, Heilongjiang · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2023
Zhumadian City's confiscated fine revenue reached 3.936 billion yuan in 2023.
Location: Zhumadian, Henan · Importance III · Verification: Reported · View causal chain →
2022-08
The tax authorities demanded that Wangjing SOHO pay approximately 1.733 billion yuan in back land appreciation tax, plus a late payment surcharge of 0.05% per day; by the end of 2025, the principal, interest and late fees had rolled up to 2.566 billion yuan.
Location: Beijing · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2021-09
On September 10, 2021, Blackstone terminated its acquisition of SOHO China; on December 17, Jianhua Land, a SOHO subsidiary, was ordered by Beijing tax authorities to pay back taxes and a fine for underpaid taxes, totaling 709 million yuan.
Location: Beijing, China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2018-10-03
On October 3, 2018, Xinhua News Agency reported that national tax authorities had confirmed that Fan Bingbing evaded taxes, recovering a total of 883 million yuan in taxes and fines, with criminal liability waived once the payment was made.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2018-05
Cui Yongyuan publicly attacked the film 'Cell Phone' and Feng Xiaogang, prompting the State Taxation Administration to launch an investigation, causing Huayi Brothers' stock price to plummet and shelving the 'Cell Phone 2' project.
Location: Beijing · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
2005-12-29
On December 29, 2005, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress voted to repeal the Agricultural Tax Regulations. Hu Jintao signed Presidential Order No. 46 on the same day. From January 1, 2006, Chinese farmers no longer paid agricultural tax, reducing the burden on farmers nationwide by 133.5 billion yuan per year, an average of 140 yuan per person.
Location: Beijing · Importance IV · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
2005
Through a structure of BVI companies plus a Cayman Islands trust, Pan Shiyi placed as much as 94.78% of SOHO China's equity into an overseas offshore trust.
Location: Beijing, China · Importance III · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
1994
To attract overseas capital and encourage foreign investment, China introduced a rule temporarily exempting dividends and bonuses received by foreign individuals from foreign-invested enterprises from individual income tax.
Location: China · Importance III · Verification: Official claim · View causal chain →
1994-01-01
Zhu Rongji pushed forward the tax-sharing reform, allocating 75 percent of value-added tax to the central government and retaining 25 percent for local governments, while establishing a vertical national tax team. This led to a massive surge in central government fiscal revenue alongside a sharp increase in local fiscal pressure, laying hidden dangers for land finance and local government debt.
Location: China · Importance V · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →
1993
In June 1993, Zhu Rongji led the introduction of the sixteen measures for macroeconomic control to curb inflation; in 1994 the tax-sharing reform was implemented, redividing central and local finances, and the economy subsequently made a soft landing.
Location: China · Importance IV · Verification: Verified · View causal chain →