Reform and Opening Up · Full chronicle and history

The U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill with 262 votes in favor and 159 against, authorizing the imposition of tariffs on countries that are top purchasers of Russian energy. These countries could face tariffs of up to 100 percent. The bill was introduced by the Republican Party, with 58 Democratic representatives supporting it and 7 Republican representatives voting against it. After passing, the bill was sent to the White House and still requires the President's signature. The relevant measures affect countries that purchase Russian energy, such as China and India.

China's Ministry of Emergency Management, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and other departments have urgently allocated 160 million yuan in central natural disaster funds to assist affected provinces. The host argues that this amount is too low, with each province receiving an average of only 20 million yuan, which is far from sufficient to cope with the disaster, and criticizes the severe corruption among CCP officials.

The General Office of the CCP Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Easing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Tutoring on Students in Compulsory Education, delivering a devastating blow to the tutoring industry.

On November 3, 2020, following Jack Ma's Bund speech criticizing financial regulation, the Shanghai Stock Exchange announced the suspension of Ant Group's A-share listing just two days before it was scheduled to go public. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange followed suit immediately, halting the world's largest IPO.

While delivering a speech at a seminar for newly promoted members of the CCP Central Committee, Xi Jinping stated that the historical period after reform and opening-up cannot be used to negate the historical period before it, and vice versa.

Article 13 of the Constitution was amended to state that citizens' lawful private property is inviolable, establishing a framework where lawful property is protected rather than recognized as a conventional absolute right.

After taking office as Premier of the State Council, Zhu Rongji initiated the three-year relief program for state-owned enterprises. Through the policy of 'seizing the large and releasing the small' and downsizing for efficiency, he triggered a massive wave of layoffs among SOE workers.

Deng Xiaoping delivered his southern tour speeches, emphasizing that development is of overriding importance, while reiterating the need to consistently uphold the Four Cardinal Principles and oppose bourgeois liberalization.

When meeting with U.S. President George H.W. Bush in Beijing, Deng Xiaoping stated that the overriding issue for China's problems is the need for stability; without a stable environment, nothing can be accomplished.

Following the ongoing spread of the 1986 student protests, Deng Xiaoping criticized the central leadership for being weak on the ideological and theoretical front, and Hu Yaobang subsequently resigned from his position as General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee.

In March 1979, Deng Xiaoping proposed the Four Cardinal Principles, explicitly rejecting the direction of political democratization reform.

On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong passed away. Newspapers across the country reported his death with black borders and large-scale memorial activities were held. The grassroots society was plunged into an extreme political atmosphere, with the public required to participate in collective mourning. Those with problematic family backgrounds faced severe political suppression during this period.

The author turned 10 years old on September 9, 1976, the same day Mao Zedong passed away. He recalls that after Mao's death, he could no longer celebrate his birthday. He describes the societal reaction to Mao's passing, including official media's mourning and some citizens' expressions of grief.

Zhu Rongji was born in Hunan. His family background was prominent, being a descendant of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty. His great-grandfather, Zhu Changlin, was a wealthy local merchant who invested in modern industry.