Hokkaido University professor Yuan Keqin was sentenced to six years in prison for violating the anti-espionage law.
The Ministry of State Security officially launched a WeChat official account, frequently publishing counter-espionage warnings and propaganda content, and beginning to actively build a public presence.
The revised Anti-Espionage Law was passed, significantly expanding the definition of espionage activities, adding a dedicated chapter on security prevention, and incorporating the mass line and the primary responsibility of work units into the law.
Following the introduction of China's Anti-Espionage Law, the methods for taking hostages have become more diversified.
The Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China is officially established, primarily undertaking foreign intelligence and counter-espionage work, forming a parallel system with public security organs that handle domestic security.