The 13th Beijing Xiangshan Forum was held in Beijing from September 15 to 17, attended by about 2,000 representatives from more than 100 countries and regions, with the US and Chinese militaries continuing dialogue ahead of a leaders' summit. Researchers from Japan's Ministry of Defense and military attachés at the embassy in China were not invited or did not attend, Chinese officials twice used opposition to militarism to criticize Japan, and representatives from multiple countries expressed concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence.